"KuMoHa 12 series" is a term used to refer to a specific type of early electric multiple unit operated by the Japanese National Railways, originally known as the MoHa 12 series when they initially appeared.
History[]
The term "KuMoHa 12 series" refers to a set of what would ultimately become thirty-four railcars operated by the JNR. The term itself refers to a specific set of railcars which feature 17 m long bodies with a driver's cab at each end and long bench seating for passengers; the initial name for this set of railcars was MoHa 12 series, implemented on 1 June 1953 with the revision of Japanese railcar naming rules, which would later be revised to KuMoHa 12 series when a further revision was implemented in 1959. A total of thirty-four KuMoHa 12 series cars were produced in seven distinct batches from multiple different rolling stock classes, which will be detailed in the sections below.
KuMoHa 12000 – 12003[]
Originally known as the MoHa 34 series and originally built in 1933, four MoHa 33 series cars were renumbered to become MoHa 12000 through 12003 on 1 June 1953 with the implementation of new rolling stock naming rules; these were reclassified as the KuMoHa 12 series in 1959 while keeping their original numbers. KuMoHa 12000 was resold to the Izuhakone Railway in 1969, where it was used until 1997. The last of the cars to retire was KuMoHa 12001 in 1982.
KuMoHa 12010 – 12018[]
Nine MoHa 31 series cars were modified into MoHa 34 series (no relation to earlier series with this designation) from November 1950 to March 1951; the modifications were carried out at Ōi with a second cab with a gangway door installed at the other end. These were intended for use on the Senseki and Yamanote Lines, with two cars going to the Senseki Line and the rest the Yamanote Line. Originally numbered MoHa 34031 through 34039, they were later renumbered to MoHa 12010 through 12018 and further reclassified as the KuMoHa 12 series in 1959 with no changes in numbers. The last of the cars to retire was KuMoHa 12013 in 1986.
KuMoHa 12019 – 12027[]
Nine MoHa 11-200 series cars were modified in MoHa 12 series cars at Ōi and Hatabu Works in 1958; the term "MoHa 11" was similar to the "MoHa 12" term in that it referred to a specific set of railcars. Intended for use on the Ube, Onoda and Kabe Lines during off-peak hours, the cars were renumbered to MoHa 12019 through 12017 and in 1959 further reclassified as the KuMoHa 12 series without any change in numbers. The last of the cars to retire was KuMoHa 12027 in 1981.
KuMoHa 12030 – 12032[]
Three MoHa 11-400 series cars were modified into MoHa 12 series cars at Ōi and Hatabu Works from October 1957 to March 1958. These were intended for use on the Kabe Line. They were further reclassified as the KuMoHa 12 series in 1959 with no changes in numbers. The last of the cars to retire was KuMoHa 12031 in 1977.
KuMoHa 12040[]
KuMoHa 12040 was created by modifying KuMoHa 11153 at Hatabu Works in 1960, with an additional driver's cab added for solo runs during non-peak hours. 12040 would later be used for switching duties in Rikuzen-Haranomachi before being retired in 1982.
KuMoHa 12041[]
KuMoHa 12041 was created by modifying KuMoYa 22112 for passenger use in 1987; use began on 31 March 1987. KuMoHa 12041 was the last modified electric railcar to be completed by the JNR before its privatization and division. It was withdrawn in February 2002 due to safety standards which this car could not meet.
KuMoHa 12050 – 12055[]
Six additional MoHa 11-200 series cars were converted for single-track use on the Tsurumi Line in 1959. The last cars to be withdrawn were 12052 and 12053 in 1996.
Preservation[]
The following KuMoHa 12 series cars have been preserved:
Car number | Manufacturer | Date manufactured | Date retired | Past numbers | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KuMoHa 12041 | Tanaka Sharyō | 1927 | February 2002 | 30131 (1927) MoHa 11047 (1953) MoHa 10016 (1959) KuMoYa 22112 (1964) |
SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya, Japan | Last electric railcar conversion undertaken by JNR |
KuMoHa 12052 | Kawasaki Sharyō | 1929 | March 1996 | 31018 (1929) MoHa 11210 (1953) |
Tokyo General Rolling Stock Center, Tokyo, Japan | Remains on JR East's registers; stored out of public view |
The following KuMoHa 12 series cars were preserved in the past but have since been scrapped:
Car number | Manufacturer | Date manufactured | Date retired | Past numbers | Last location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KuMoHa 12053 | Kawasaki Sharyō | 1931 | March 1996 | 31088 (1931) MoHa 11256 (1953) |
Tokyo General Rolling Stock Center, Tokyo, Japan | Removed from register in 2006; scrapped 2010 |
KuMoHa 12054 | Nippon Sharyo | 1986 | 31074 (1931) MoHa 11246 (1953) |
Sakuma Rail Park, Hamamatsu, Japan | Scrapped July 2010 |
Gallery[]
JGR/JNR rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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JGR | Wooden-bodied EMUs | Commuter: 963 • 6250 • 6260 • 6280 • 6285 • 6300 • 6310 • 6340 • 33400 • 33500 • 43200 • 63100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Steel-bodied EMUs | Commuter: 30 • 31 • 32 • 33 • 40 • 42 • 50 • 51 • 62 • 63 • 70 • 72 Express: 52 • 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-revenue EMUs | Non-revenue: 7 • 93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Constant mesh gearbox: KiHa 01 • KiHa 04 • KiHa 07 • KiHa 5000 • KiHa 40000 Diesel-electric: KiHaNi 36450 • KiHa 43000 • KiHa 44000 Miscellaneous: KiSaHa 04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Miscellaneous | Steam railcar: HoJi 6005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
JNR | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 0 • 100 • 200 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 922 • 925 • 941 • 951 • 961 • 962 • 1000 Commuter: 711 • 713 • 715 • 717 Limited Express: 781 Non-revenue: 791 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 101 • 103 • 105 • 111 • 113 • 115 • 117 • 119 • 121 • 123 • 201 • 203 • 205 • 207 • 211 • 213 • 301 Limited Express: 151 • 153 • 155 • 157 • 159 • 161 • 165 • 167 • 169 • 181 • 183 • 185 • 189 • 381 Conversions: 1 • 10 • 11 • 12 Non-revenue: 141 • 143 • 145 • 147 • 191 • 193 Proposed: 187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 413 • 415 • 417 • 419 Limited Express: 451 • 453 • 455 • 457 • 471 • 473 • 475 • 481 • 483 • 485 • 489 • 581 • 583 Non-revenue: 21 • 22 • 90 • 441 • 443 • 493 • 495 • 591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 08 • KiHa 10 • KiHa 15 • KiHa 20 • KiHa 31 • KiHa 32 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 37 • KiHa 38 • KiHa 40 • KiHa 45 • KiHa 54 • KiHa 66 Express: KiHa 55 • KiHa 56 • KiHa 57 • KiHa 58 • KiHa 60 • KiHa 65 • KiHa 90 Limited Express: KiHa 80 • KiHa 181 • KiHa 183 • KiHa 185 Non-revenue: KiYa 191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
GTLs | Non-revenue: KiHa 391 |
JR East rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||
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Active | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: E2 • E3 • E5 • E6 • E7 • E8 Non-revenue Shinkansen: E926 • E956 Commuter: 701 • 719 • E721 Limited Express: E751 | ||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 115 • E127 • E129 • E131 • 205 • 209 • 211 • E217 • E231 • E233 • E235 Limited Express: 185 • 253 • E257 • E259 • E261 • E353 Non-revenue: 209-0 | |||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 415 • E501 • E531 Limited Express: E653 • E657 Charter: E655 Non-revenue: E491 • E493 | |||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 40 • KiHa 100 • KiHa 110 • KiHa E120 • KiHa E130 Non-revenue: KiYa E193 • KiYa E195 | |||||||||||||||
AC BEMUs | Commuter: EV-E801 | |||||||||||||||
DC BEMUs | Commuter: EV-E301 | |||||||||||||||
Hybrid MUs | Commuter: KiHa E200 • HB-E210 • GV-E400 Charter: E001 • HB-E300 Non-revenue: GV-E197 | |||||||||||||||
Fuel cell MUs | Non-revenue: FV-E991 | |||||||||||||||
Other MUs | Non-revenue: E991 | |||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 200 • 400 • E1 • E4 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 925 • 952/953 • E954 • E955 Commuter: 715 • 717 Non-revenue: 740 • 743 | ||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 12 • 101 • 103 • 105 • 107 • 113 • 123 • 201 • 203 • 207 • 215 • 301 • E331 Limited Express: 157 • 165 • 167 • 169 • 183 • 189 • 251 • 255 • E351 Non-revenue: 90 • 143 • 145 • 193 • 901 • E993 | |||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 417 • 451 • 453 • 455 • 457 Limited Express: 485 • 489 • 583 • 651 Non-revenue: 441 • 443 • 497 • E991 | |||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 20 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 37 • KiHa 38 • KiHa 45 Express: KiHa 58 Charter: KiHa 141 Non-revenue: KiYa 191 | |||||||||||||||
Hybrid MUs | Non-revenue: KiYa E991 • KuMoYa E995 | |||||||||||||||
Future | Hybrid MUs | Commuter: HB-E220 |
JR Central rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Active | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: N700 • N700S | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 211 • 213 • 311 • 313 • 315 Limited Express: 285 • 373 • 383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 11 • KiHa 25 • KiHa 75 Limited Express: HC85 Non-revenue: KiYa 95 • KiYa 97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 0 • 100 • 300 • 700 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 922 • 923 • 955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 12 • 103 • 105 • 113 • 115 • 117 • 119 • 123 Limited Express: 165 • 371 • 381 Non-revenue: 90 • 145 • 193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 30 • KiHa 40 Express: KiHa 58 • KiHa 65 Limited Express: KiHa 80 • KiHa 85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Future | DC EMUs | Limited Express: 385 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Maglevs | Maglev: L0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Proposed | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: Super Hikari Model |
JR rolling stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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