The KiHa 35 series, along with the similar KiHa 30 and KiHa 36 series, are a family of diesel multiple units operated by the Japanese National Railways and its various successor companies from December 1961 to December 2012.
History[]
Built from 1961 to 1966 by Fuji Heavy Industries (now known as Subaru Corporation), Niigata Tekkō (now known as Niigata Transys), Nippon Sharyo, Teikoku Sharyō (now defunct) and Tokyu Car Corporation (now known as J-TREC), the KiHa 35 series was originally used as a "commuter" diesel railcar for high-density services.
The 413 cars produced were inherited by almost all of JR's divisions; first introduced to commuter lines such as the Kawagoe, Sagami, Nara, Sakurai and Kansai Main Lines, electrification of said lines prompted reallocation of the cars to more remote parts of the country - regions towards which they have been rather ill-suited due to their uncomfortable longitudinal seating layout. In their later years, some cars were transferred to third-sector operators such as the Kantō Railway and the Mizushima Rinkai Railway, where they still see service today.
As most of these diesel railcars were operational for over 50 years, they were quickly replaced by newer railcars until the last three cars, KiHa 30 62, 30 98 and 30 100, owned by JR East and used on the Kururi Line, were retired from service on 1 December 2012. Car KiHa 30 100 has since been transferred to the Mizushima Rinkai Railway in 2014 for revenue service during morning and evening peaks, along with 30 98 which serves as a spare part donor.
Variants[]
The KiHa 35 series is the basic, single-cab design with toilets; the KiHa 35-0 series is the warm weather variant of which 217 have been built, while the KiHa 35-500 series cars are cold weather variants. The ten 35-900 cars are built by Tokyu Car Corporation from stainless steel using technology licensed from Budd. The KiHa 36 series cars are single-cab cars without toilets.
The KiHa 30 series cars have a double-cab design without toilets. Two sub-series exist; the KiHa 30-0 and KiHa 30-500 series cars. The KiHa 30-0 series cars are used in warm environments, while the KiHa 30-500 series cars have modifications that allow them to operate in harsh conditions such as the cold.
The KiHa 35-300 and KiKuHa 35-300 series cars are modified KiHa 35 units for use on the then-unelectrified Wadamisaki spur line, a high-capacity commuter shuttle line. Both sub-types feature additional standing space and additional doors on one side; KiKuHa 35-300 series cars are converted into unpowered cab cars to minimize maintenance costs.
KiHa 38 series cars are rebodied and re-engined KiHa 35 series cars.
Design[]
The cars are distinguished by multiple adaptations to commuter operations, such as a high-capacity, longitudinal seating layout, external sliding doors and lighter weight, as well as their boxy appearance and, on most examples, front reinforcement panels.
The KiHa 35-900 series cars were designed using a design under license from the Budd Company.
Specifications[]
Construction is of steel, though some sub-variants of the series used stainless steel construction. Each car is 20 meters long and 2.929 meters wide. Originally DMH17 engines were used on all units, while Cummins DMF14HZ engines have been swapped into the three Kururi Line examples.
Preservation[]
The following KiHa 35 series cars have been preserved:
Car number | Manufacturer | Date manufactured | Date retired | Previous sets | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KiHa 30 15 | Niigata Tekkō | March 1963 | February 1987 | N/A | Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan | Painted in shōnan orange; used for drivetrain testing purposes |
KiHa 30 35 | September 1965 | September 1996 | Ashio Station, Tochigi, Japan | Displayed outdoors | ||
KiHa 35 70 | Nippon Sharyo | November 1964 | ||||
KiHa 35 901 | Tokyu Car Corporation | April 1963 | February 1987 | Usui Pass Railway Heritage Park, Gunma, Japan | ||
KiHa 30 62 | Nippon Sharyo | February 1966 | December 2012 | Kuniyoshi Station, Chiba, Japan | One of last three operational KiHa 35 series cars; planned to be restored to operating condition | |
KiHa 30 51 | December 1965 | March 2008 | Mino-Ōta Rolling Stock Depot, Gifu, Japan | Can be viewed from roadside, not open for public viewing; poor cosmetic condition | ||
KiHa 30 70 | February 1966 | March 1990 | Kajiya Line Ichihara Station Memorial Museum, Hyōgo, Japan | Displayed outdoors; repainted a number of times | ||
KiHa 30 72 | March 1966 | |||||
KiHa 30 69 | February 1966 | |||||
KiHa 30 18 | February 1964 | October 1996 | Ashinomaki-Onsen Station, Fukushima, Japan | Displayed outdoors | ||
KiHa 30 55 | February 1966 | March 1990 | The Hirosawa City Rail Park, Ibaraki, Japan | Displayed outdoors near various other locomotives and trainsets | ||
KiHa 30 96 | July 1966 |
Gallery[]
References[]
JGR/JNR rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
JGR | Wooden-bodied EMUs | Commuter: 963 • 6250 • 6260 • 6280 • 6285 • 6300 • 6310 • 6340 • 33400 • 33500 • 43200 • 63100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Steel-bodied EMUs | Commuter: 30 • 31 • 32 • 33 • 40 • 42 • 50 • 51 • 62 • 63 • 70 • 72 Express: 52 • 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-revenue EMUs | Non-revenue: 7 • 93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Constant mesh gearbox: KiHa 01 • KiHa 04 • KiHa 07 • KiHa 5000 • KiHa 40000 Diesel-electric: KiHaNi 36450 • KiHa 43000 • KiHa 44000 Miscellaneous: KiSaHa 04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Miscellaneous | Steam railcar: HoJi 6005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
JNR | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 0 • 100 • 200 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 922 • 925 • 941 • 951 • 961 • 962 • 1000 Commuter: 711 • 713 • 715 • 717 Limited Express: 781 Non-revenue: 791 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 101 • 103 • 105 • 111 • 113 • 115 • 117 • 119 • 121 • 123 • 201 • 203 • 205 • 207 • 211 • 213 • 301 Limited Express: 151 • 153 • 155 • 157 • 159 • 161 • 165 • 167 • 169 • 181 • 183 • 185 • 189 • 381 Conversions: 1 • 10 • 11 • 12 Non-revenue: 141 • 143 • 145 • 147 • 191 • 193 Proposed: 187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 413 • 415 • 417 • 419 Limited Express: 451 • 453 • 455 • 457 • 471 • 473 • 475 • 481 • 483 • 485 • 489 • 581 • 583 Non-revenue: 21 • 22 • 90 • 441 • 443 • 493 • 495 • 591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 08 • KiHa 10 • KiHa 15 • KiHa 20 • KiHa 31 • KiHa 32 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 37 • KiHa 38 • KiHa 40 • KiHa 45 • KiHa 54 • KiHa 66 Express: KiHa 55 • KiHa 56 • KiHa 57 • KiHa 58 • KiHa 60 • KiHa 65 • KiHa 90 Limited Express: KiHa 80 • KiHa 181 • KiHa 183 • KiHa 185 Non-revenue: KiYa 191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
GTLs | Non-revenue: KiHa 391 |
JR East rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||
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Active | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: E2 • E3 • E5 • E6 • E7 • E8 Non-revenue Shinkansen: E926 • E956 Commuter: 701 • 719 • E721 Limited Express: E751 | ||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 115 • E127 • E129 • E131 • 205 • 209 • 211 • E217 • E231 • E233 • E235 Limited Express: 185 • 253 • E257 • E259 • E261 • E353 Non-revenue: 209-0 | |||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 415 • E501 • E531 Limited Express: E653 • E657 Charter: E655 Non-revenue: E491 • E493 | |||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 40 • KiHa 100 • KiHa 110 • KiHa E120 • KiHa E130 Non-revenue: KiYa E193 • KiYa E195 | |||||||||||||||
AC BEMUs | Commuter: EV-E801 | |||||||||||||||
DC BEMUs | Commuter: EV-E301 | |||||||||||||||
Hybrid MUs | Commuter: KiHa E200 • HB-E210 • GV-E400 Charter: E001 • HB-E300 Non-revenue: GV-E197 | |||||||||||||||
Fuel cell MUs | Non-revenue: FV-E991 | |||||||||||||||
Other MUs | Non-revenue: E991 | |||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 200 • 400 • E1 • E4 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 925 • 952/953 • E954 • E955 Commuter: 715 • 717 Non-revenue: 740 • 743 | ||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 12 • 101 • 103 • 105 • 107 • 113 • 123 • 201 • 203 • 207 • 215 • 301 • E331 Limited Express: 157 • 165 • 167 • 169 • 183 • 189 • 251 • 255 • E351 Non-revenue: 90 • 143 • 145 • 193 • 901 • E993 | |||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 417 • 451 • 453 • 455 • 457 Limited Express: 485 • 489 • 583 • 651 Non-revenue: 441 • 443 • 497 • E991 | |||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 20 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 37 • KiHa 38 • KiHa 45 Express: KiHa 58 Charter: KiHa 141 Non-revenue: KiYa 191 | |||||||||||||||
Hybrid MUs | Non-revenue: KiYa E991 • KuMoYa E995 | |||||||||||||||
Future | Hybrid MUs | Commuter: HB-E220 |
JR West rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Active | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 500 • 700 • N700 • N700S • W7 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 923 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 103 • 105 • 113 • 115 • 117 • 123 • 125 • 201 • 205 • 207 • 213 • 221 • 223 • 225 • 227 • 321 • 323 Limited Express: 271 • 273 • 281 • 283 • 285 • 287 • 289 • 381 Non-revenue: 145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 521 Limited Express: 681 • 683 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 40 • KiHa 120 • KiHa 121/126 • KiHa 122/127 Limited Express: KiHa 187 • KiHa 189 Non-revenue: KiYa 141 • KiYa 143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hybrid DEMUs | Charter: 87 Non-revenue: DEC700 • DEC741 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 0 • 100 • 300 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 922 • 500-900 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 42 • 83 • 84 • 101 • 211 Limited Express: 165 • 167 • 183 Non-revenue: 90 • 91 • 213/223-9000 • 441 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 413 • 415 • 419 • 455 • 457 • 471 • 475 Limited Express: 485 • 489 • 583 Non-revenue: 443 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 33 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 37 • KiHa 45 • KiHa 52 Express: KiHa 58 • KiHa 65 Limited Express: KiHa 181 Non-revenue: KiYa 191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hybrid BEMUs | Commuter: DGBC2 |
JR Central rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Active | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: N700 • N700S | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 211 • 213 • 311 • 313 • 315 Limited Express: 285 • 373 • 383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 11 • KiHa 25 • KiHa 75 Limited Express: HC85 Non-revenue: KiYa 95 • KiYa 97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: 0 • 100 • 300 • 700 Non-revenue Shinkansen: 922 • 923 • 955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 12 • 103 • 105 • 113 • 115 • 117 • 119 • 123 Limited Express: 165 • 371 • 381 Non-revenue: 90 • 145 • 193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 30 • KiHa 40 Express: KiHa 58 • KiHa 65 Limited Express: KiHa 80 • KiHa 85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Future | DC EMUs | Limited Express: 385 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Maglevs | Maglev: L0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Proposed | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: Super Hikari Model |
JR Kyushu rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Active | AC EMUs | Shinkansen: N700 • N700S • 800 Commuter: 713 • 811 • 813 • 815 • 817 • 821 Limited Express: 783 • 787 • 883 • 885 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DC EMUs | Commuter: 103 • 303 • 305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 40 • KiHa 125 • KiHa 200 Limited Express: KiHa 71 • KiHa 72 • KiHa 183-1000 • KiHa 185 Charter: KiHa 125-400 Non-revenue: BE220 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AC BEMUs | Commuter: BEC819 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hybrid MUs | Commuter: YC1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | AC EMUs | Commuter: 715 • 717 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dual-current EMUs | Commuter: 457 • 475 Limited Express: 485 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 20 • KiHa 31 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 45 Express: KiHa 58 • KiHa 65 • KiHa 66 |
JR Shikoku rolling stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Active | DC EMUs | Commuter: 113 • 121 • 5000 • 6000 • 7000 • 7200 Limited Express: 8000 • 8600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 32 • KiHa 40 • KiHa 54 • 1000 • 1200 • 1500 Limited Express: KiHa 185 • 2000 • N2000 • 2600 • 2700 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Withdrawn | DC EMUs | Commuter: 111 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
DMUs | Commuter: KiHa 20 • KiHa 35 • KiHa 45 Express: KiHa 57 • KiHa 58 • KiHa 65 Limited Express: KiHa 181 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Future | Hybrid MUs | Commuter: Unclassified |
JR rolling stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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