JGR Class 160

JGR Class 160
Nagoya Railway 12 (ex-JGR 165) in February 2017
Technical specifications
Serial number(s)	2102 – 2105, 2420 – 2421
Manufacturer(s)	Sharp, Stewart and Company
Build date	1872, 1874
Total produced	6
Classification	2-4-0T
Dimensions	7,468 mm × 3,664 mm × 2,468 mm (estimate)
Rail gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
Valve gear	Allan
Cylinders	2
Boiler pressure	8.4 kg/cm²
Fuel type	Coal
Heating area	52.2 m²
Service information
Years in-service	14 October 1872 – 1957
Running numbers	160 – 165 (originally 2 – 5, 22 – 23)
Disposition details
Preserved	1
Restored	1972
Number operational	1
Number scrapped	5

The JGR Class 160 (originally the JGR Class A6 and A7) is a 2-4-0T Porter-type side tank steam locomotive operated by the Japanese Government Railways from October 1872 to 1957.

History

The Class 160 was one of the earliest steam locomotives operated in Japan. The type was ordered by the JGR as one of their earliest steam locomotives, with four locomotives manufactured by Sharp, Stewart and Company; this was one of ten British-imported steam locomotives operating in Japan around that time. The locomotives were assigned the Class A6 and numbered 2 to 5. The locomotives began operation on 14 October 1872 with the opening of Japan's first railway line, with locomotives 2 and 5 (later 162 and 160 respectively) pulling and pushing the royal train respectively; October 14 is celebrated as Railway Day in Japan even today to commemorate the line's opening.

In 1874, two more locomotives were produced; these were classified the Class A7 and numbered 22 and 23. All six locomotives were moved between various private railways during the late 1800s. After the Railway Nationalization Act was passed in 1909, the locomotive was renumbered the Class 160. After returning to Tokyo the locomotive was formally retired in January 1924 and moved to Ōmiya Works for display. The last locomotive, Nagoya Railway No. 12 (ex-165), was retired in 1955. 12 was initially moved to the Inuyama Meitetsu Line Park (now Japan Monkey Park) for display, but was then moved to the Meiji Mura Museum in 1965. In 1973, the locomotive was restored to operating condition and remains as such to this day; many regard this locomotive as a "marvelous achievement" as it is a rare example of a genuine Okajoki (colloquial nickname for a Meiji-era steam locomotive) which remains in operation.

The boiler of 12 was replaced in 1985 with a newer, strengthened replica of the original boiler; the original boiler remains preserved in Meiji Mura. 12 remains active in excursion service today, shuttling passengers around Meiji Mura. The locomotive operates alongside Class 1240 locomotive 2, in its guise as Nippon Steel 9.

Preservation

The following Class 160 locomotives have been preserved:

Image	Number	Manufacturer	Date manufactured	Serial number	Date withdrawn	Location	Notes
	165	Sharp, Stewart and Company	1874	2421	9 March 1911 (JGR) October 1957 (Nagoya)	Meiji-mura, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan	Operational, in Nagoya Railway 12 guise; ex-Nagoya Railway, overhauled 2019 to 2022

Gallery

165's original boiler

References

Rolling stock and motive power from Meitetsu's predecessor companies
Nagoya Electric Railway	Electric multiple unit	100 • 500 • 1500 • DeBo 650 • DeSeHo 700 • DeBo 750 • DeBo 800 • ToKu 1 • ToKu 2 • ToKu 3
	Diesel multiple unit	KiBo 50
	Electric locomotive	DeKi 50 • DeKi 100
	Non-revenue	DeWa 1 • Mi 2
Meigi Railway	Electric multiple unit	DeBo 300 • DeBoYu 310 • DeBoYu 320 • DeBo 350 • DeBo 400 • DeBo 450 • DeBo 600
	Non-revenue	DeHoWa 1500
Aichi Electric Railway	Electric multiple unit	Den 1 • Den 2 • Den 3 • Den 4 • Den 5 • Den 6 • Den 7 • DeHa 1010 • DeHa 3090 • DeHa 3300
	Electric locomotive	DeKa 350
	Non-revenue	DeKi 360 • DeKi 370 • DeKi 400
Hekikai Electric Railway	Electric multiple unit	De 100 (gen 1) • De 100 (gen 2)
Chita Railway	Electric multiple unit	DeHa 910 • Ku 950
Mino Electric Railway	Electric multiple unit	Wooden streetcars • SeMiShi 64 • SeMiShi 67 • BD500 • BD505 • SeMiBo 510
	Non-revenue	DeWa 600 • Mi 1 • Mi 3
Gihoku Light Rail	Electric multiple unit	Kō • Otsu
Tanigumi Railway	Electric multiple unit	DeRo 1 • DeRo 7
Kakamigahara Railway	Electric multiple unit	K1-BE
Takehana Railway	Electric multiple unit	De 1 (gen 1) • De 1 (gen 2) • De 5
Tomi Railway	Electric multiple unit	De 1 • DeBo 100
	Steam locomotive	B • C
Bisai Railway	Electric multiple unit	DeBo 100 • DeBo 200 • DeBo 250
	Electric locomotive	BL1
	Steam locomotive	Kō • Otsu • Hei • Tei • Bo • Ki
	Non-revenue	1000
Mikawa Railway	Electric multiple unit	KuHa 50 • KuHa 60 • De 100 • De 150 • De 200 • De 300 • De 400 • SaHa 21 • SaHaFu 31 • SaHaFu 35 • SaHaFu 36 • SaHaFu 41 • SaHaFu 45
	Diesel multiple unit	101 • Ki 10 • Ki 50 • Ki 80
	Electric locomotive	Ki 10
	Steam locomotive	1 • 4 • 709 • 120 • 122 • 1104 • 1109 • 1270
	Non-revenue	1
Okazaki Electric Tramway	Electric multiple unit	Wooden streetcars • 100 • 200
	Non-revenue	Mi 4
Seto Electric Railway	Electric multiple unit	Ho 101 • Ho 103 • Te 1
	Diesel multiple unit	A • KiHa 300
	Electric locomotive	DeKi 1
	Non-revenue	TeWa 1
Atsumi Electric Railway	Electric multiple unit	DeHoHa 1 • DeHa 100 • DeHoHa 120 • Fu 200 • DeTeHa 1000
	Electric locomotive	ED1